{VERSION 6 0 "IBM INTEL NT" "6.0" } {USTYLETAB {CSTYLE "Maple Input" -1 0 "Courier" 0 1 255 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 }{CSTYLE "2D Math" -1 2 "Times" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 }{CSTYLE "2D Output" 2 20 "" 0 1 0 0 255 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 } {PSTYLE "Normal" -1 0 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }{PSTYLE "Maple Output" 0 11 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }3 3 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }{PSTYLE "" 11 12 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }} {SECT 0 {EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 47 "How to construct a random 5x5 matrix of rank 3?" }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 20 "with(LinearAlgebra):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 41 "A := RandomMatrix(5,3).RandomMatrix(3,5);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"AG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*kn*o9-%'MATRIXG6#7'7'\"%yB\"%*)))! %q[!$g(\"&z0\"7'!%]=!%zZ\"%&\\'!%Ru!%#o$7'!%3A!%s%)\"%5i!%S%)!%Cl7'\"% '4$\"%]z!%D%*\"%&*\\\"%V*)7'\"$3(\"%cJ!%0;\"%>>\"%,F%'MatrixG" }}} {EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 8 "Rank(A);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#\"\"$" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 22 "rea d \"c:/304/svd.txt\":" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 18 "U, S, V := svd(A);" }}{PARA 12 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>6%%\"UG%\"SG%\"VG 6%-%'RTABLEG6%\"*G1?Z\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7'$!3Q?!>;Wu0p%!#=$\"3a7$\\r5#4yx F4$!3W)o7'$\"3-,Cm6>^RQF4$\"3 Gnkq]\"pi8&F4$!3-ps$[:ZP,#F4$!3m'=B%HxuhpF4$!3NDn#\\#p1@DF47'$\"3(pl+a zJh@&F4$\"3#e%z(4Wmgg$F4$\"3%[*zh]PoGiF4$\"3flJQZxx+BF4$\"3w^5jv@4iRF4 7'$!3M\">Zk#QYbdF4$\"3^q&3o$o))RKF=$\"3!pZ#[rw#Rn'F4$!3Ux!)Hlc`*o%F4$! 3Y8H1Y&zU'[F=7'$!3j%3\"43ev4Dy9G! #8\"\"!F_pF_pF_p7'F_p$\"3qi*Q%*[\\au)!#9F_pF_pF_p7'F_pF_p$\"3(olj@r@;+ $FcpF_pF_p7'F_pF_pF_p$\"3%p80;]&*)fs!#IF_p7'F_pF_pF_pF_p$\"3%[+lsnQ)3I !#JFdo-F*6%\"*?6DZ\"-F.6#7'7'$!3-KT#F=$\"3Q\")e 3!Qp!*R\"F4$!3Y534P:jF&*F4$!3I<\"G(fP(*\\?F47'$!3VQ6=*eu._&F4$\"3S@Fne WlQ>F4$!3eg\"eZ&=?K_F4$!3GM5(\\#zBH5F4$\"3>0+O'yw*4hF47'$\"3s)3$*\\YFH ([F4$\"3/a*H\"z$\\^n\"F4$!3q%)p1/:%y(yF4$!3=g&**4!=BM8F4$!3?33(\\&)f'* 4$F47'$!3M#\\YO@6+f$F4$!3d'[@*>:i;$)F4$!3/R!pr\"3y@HF4$\"3a\"Q4jJ^Ae'F =$!3)Q(=$pJCf*HF47'$!3'[e9$ynxmaF4$\"3j(>yb#RZ?\\F4$!3fR>EA:)ej#F=$\"3 **4<>ZQcRCF4$!3cznCMkC:jF4Fdo" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 54 "N := V[1..-1,4..5]; # getting the column 4..5 from V" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"NG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*oUHZ\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7$$ !3Y534P:jF&*!#=$!3I<\"G(fP(*\\?F07$$!3GM5(\\#zBH5F0$\"3>0+O'yw*4hF07$$ !3=g&**4!=BM8F0$!3?33(\\&)f'*4$F07$$\"3a\"Q4jJ^Ae'!#>$!3)Q(=$pJCf*HF07 $$\"3**4<>ZQcRCF0$!3cznCMkC:jF0%'MatrixG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 29 "A.N; # verify the null space" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#-%'RTABLEG6%\"*?AJZ\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7$$!3SS+3%e#[\"f#!#H $\"35Bj#GK+:H#!#I7$$\"392KCI`Q&o$F1$\"3fA(p;[*yC^F17$$\"3)4nr3UO:>*F1$ \"3Y'y;dZgxd&F17$$!3eN5zYs2[=F.$!3%=KH'Q&=EG#F17$$!3(4W&pIW_+\\F1$!3#) zUNr0,)4\"F1%'MatrixG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 46 "M \+ := U[1..-1,4..5]; # getting left null space" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"MG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*Wv_Y\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7$$\"3al<06CBp P!#=$!3fA6jp(GZs#!#>7$$!3m'=B%HxuhpF0$!3NDn#\\#p1@DF07$$\"3flJQZxx+BF0 $\"3w^5jv@4iRF07$$!3Ux!)Hlc`*o%F0$!3Y8H1Y&zU'[F37$$!3IU " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 15 "Tr anspose(M).A;" }}{PARA 12 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#-%'RTABLEG6%\"*_AQZ\" -%'MATRIXG6#7$7'$\"3i2R7c2-\"*G!#I$!3I%H&H'G>s3#!#J$!38J6wWkL26!#H$!3' H3/PaqW8%F.$\"3eKm$GTP%fiF.7'$!3;>_ZMAJa:F1$!3Q$R47j;Ic%F.$!3-U]Fnzg%= \"F.$!3Mn1l$ea)fHF.$!3+Nypss(eP#F.%'MatrixG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 15 "Transpose(A).M;" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6 #-%'RTABLEG6%\"*7!Gu9-%'MATRIXG6#7'7$$\"3i2R7c2-\"*G!#I$!3;>_ZMAJa:!#J 7$$!3I%H&H'G>s3#F1$!3Q$R47j;Ic%F.7$$!38J6wWkL26!#H$!3-U]Fnzg%=\"F.7$$! 3'H3/PaqW8%F.$!3Mn1l$ea)fHF.7$$\"3eKm$GTP%fiF.$!3+Nypss(eP#F.%'MatrixG " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 60 "Question: How to solve the homogeneous linear system Ax=0." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 60 "Answer: \+ Get the SVD, from which we can get the null space. " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "Question: How to solve g eneral Ax=b?" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "Example: Solve by LU decomposition." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 27 "Construct a testing problem" }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 27 "A := RandomMatrix(5,5)*1.0;" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#> %\"AG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*;O`Z\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7'$\"#5\"\"!$!\"%F0$!#QF0$!#jF 0$\"#7F07'$!#hF0$\"\"&F0$\"#\"*F0$!#EF0$\"#XF07'F@$!#\"*F0$!\"\"F0$\"# IF0$!#9F07'$!#?F0$!#WF0$\"#jF0F.$\"#gF07'$!#yF0F3$!#BF0$\"#AF0$!#NF0%' MatrixG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 37 "u := RandomVecto r(5,generator=-5..5);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"uG-%'RTAB LEG6%\"*gE8Y\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7#\"\"$7#\"\"#7#!\"&7#\"\"!F-&%'VectorG6#% 'columnG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 9 "b := A.u;" }} {PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"bG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*?G8Y\"-%'MATRIXG6 #7'7#$\"$[#\"\"!7#$!$$\\F07#$!$(HF07#$!$$GF07#$!$+$F0&%'VectorG6#%'col umnG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 17 "LinearSolve(A,b);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#-%'RTABLEG6%\"*%)ovZ\"-%'MATRIXG6#7' 7#$\"\"$\"\"!7#$\"\"#F.7#$!\"&F.7#$!345#*RMiQQG!#LF+&%'VectorG6#%'colu mnG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 25 "Solve by LU decomposition" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 30 "(P,L,U) := LUDecomposition(A);" }}{PARA 12 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>6%%\"PG%\"LG%\"UG6%-%'RTABLEG6%\"*3r(y9-%'MATRIXG6#7'7 '\"\"!F2F2\"\"\"F27'F2F2F3F2F27'F2F3F2F2F27'F2F2F2F2F37'F3F2F2F2F2%'Ma trixG-F*6%\"*/G'y9-F.6#7'7'$\"#5!\"\"$F2F2FCFCFC7'$\"3:LLLLLLLL!#=F@FC FCFC7'$\"3[?G^?G^?yFG$!3.M\"Q(f&y?V%FGF@FCFC7'$!3#>G^?G^?G\"FG$\"36!#:$!3Xw@(pM3fJ$F[p$\"3f(f&y?VwLrF[p7'FCF CFC$!3F!4A<^++^(F[p$\"3()*ou`Y!QNMF[p7'FCFCFCFC$\"3OWsM#)GkMMF[pF8" }} }{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 30 "y := Transpose(P).b; # ste p 1" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"yG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*/wvZ\"-%'M ATRIXG6#7'7#$!$+$\"\"!7#$!$(HF07#$!$$\\F07#$\"$[#F07#$!$$GF0&%'VectorG 6#%'columnG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 54 "z := Forward Substitute(L,y); # Step 2: solve L.z = y" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\"zG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*%odx9-%'MATRIXG6#7'7#$!+++++I!\"(7 #$!++++q>F07#$!+Ic'pX$F07#$\"+RThI5F07#$\"+kGRI5F0&%'VectorG6#%'column G" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 56 "x := BackwardSubstitut e(U,z); # step 3: Solve U.x = z;" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6# >%\"xG-%'RTABLEG6%\"*%)yvZ\"-%'MATRIXG6#7'7#$\"3c#G6/++++$!#<7#$\"3/uC 9++++?F07#$!3Wmti)*******\\F07#$!3(4V)o,t$RA\"!#F7#$\"3c\"z\\z*******H F0&%'VectorG6#%'columnG" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 0 " " }}}}{MARK "21 0 0" 56 }{VIEWOPTS 1 1 0 1 1 1803 1 1 1 1 } {PAGENUMBERS 0 1 2 33 1 1 }{RTABLE_HANDLES 146896764 147200628 147228204 147251120 147294268 147312220 146527544 147382252 147428012 147533616 146132660 146132820 147756884 147877108 147862804 147866532 147757604 147757684 147757884 }{RTABLE M7R0 I6RTABLE_SAVE/146896764X,%)anythingG6"6"[gl!"%!!!#:"&"&"%yB!%]=!%3A"%'4$"$3("%* )))!%zZ!%s%)"%]z"%cJ!%q["%&\'"%5i!%D%*!%0;!$g(!%Ru!%S%)"%&*\"%>>"&z0"!%#o$!%Cl" %V*)"%,FF& } {RTABLE M7R0 I6RTABLE_SAVE/147200628X,%)anythingG6"6"[gl'"%!!!#:"&"&BFDE050983A7B9CD3FD892A8 04546E843FE0B10E1F693067BFE26AE03F594914BFC5E2871FFEAF583FE8E3D024518AE03FE06FA 1B6525C8C3FD7142DE3C7B3A33FA09695A022FD113F85CEC1065AA6FABFC6F6953E6CC891BFC9C6 A58C9F38813FE3EE89A8934C853FE55B48138FA329BFD39C2F379311073FD81F82A8698A23BFE64 7105142CCAC3FCD73304304CD9BBFDE0355D1E5A32DBFD447D97F0FE2C4BF9BE6B6863DCEFCBFD0 22841BD6F5E13FD95B7DE7F3AA91BFA8E7B55F60FB943FEC320A26BD019BF& } {RTABLE M7R0 I6RTABLE_SAVE/147228204X,%)anythingG6#%)diagonalG6"[gl!"#!!!#&"&"&$"3Vxoq>Dy9G! 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