Practice Test Three

Review Chapters 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17 and 18
and lecture notes to prepare for your exam.
  1. _Organ reserve_ is the extra capacity each body organ has for responding to prolonged effort or stress.
  2. Selye's stress response includes three stages: _alarm_, _resistance_ and _exhaustion_.
  3. According to Masters and Johnson, the sexual response cycle is:


    4. See text or Physical Development -Young Adult

  4. Describe the characteristics of each stage in the cycle:


    5. See text or Physical Development -Young Adult

  5. An inability to function adequately or to enjoy sexual activities is called _sexual dysfunction_.
  6. The most common male sexual dysfunction is _premature ejaculation_. If a woman has never experienced an orgasm, she is considered to have _primary orgasmic dysfunction_.
  7. Two major causes of female infertility are _______________ and _____________. Male infertility may be due to ____________________. See text or Physical Development -Young Adult
  8. According to Kramer, theories of postformal thinking share three common assumptions about adult cognition. These assumptions are:


    9. See text or Cognitive Development- Young Adult

  9. Describe each of Schaie's stages of contextual knowledge:

    10.  

     

    See text or Cognitive Development- Young Adult

  10. Perry's description of cognitive development closely parallels Belenky's findings. Identify those changes in cognition.

    11.  

     

    See text or Cognitive Development- Young Adult
     

  11. Labouvie-Vief proposed that post-formal thought integrates the _________ and ________ modes of thinking.

    12. See text or Cognitive Development- Young Adult
  12. Sexual attitudes fall into three broad categories _traditional_, _relational_ and _recreational_. Describe each. See text.
  13. Theories of adult development can be categorized as _normative crises_ or _timing of events_. Be familiar with the assumptions of each approach. See text or Love - Young Adult
  14. According to Erikson, the normative crises for young adulthood is _intimacy vs. isolation_.
  15. With regard to friendship, men stress _shared activities/interests_ and women stress _emotional sharing_.
  16. Moving from one monogamous relationship to another is referred to as _serial monogamy_.
  17. Describe the three elements of Sternberg's theory of love:

    18. See text and/or Love - Young Adult
     
  18. These three elements combine to yield six loving relationships. Identify and describe these relationships. See text and/or Love - Young Adult

    19.  

     
     
     
     

  19. The love scale questionnaire developed by Lasswell and Hatfield identifies six styles of loving. Identify and describe these styles. Be able to identify which styles are more likely manifested by females, by males. See text and/or Love - Young Adult

    20.  

     

  20. The three marriage types are: See text and/or Marriage - Young Adult
  21. Which style is associated with high marital happiness?
  22. Married people are _happier_ than never-married people. _Formerly married_ people have the lowest levels of well being.
  23. Living together is known as _cohabitation_.
  24. The fear, dread, hostility and prejudice toward gay people is called _homophobia_.
  25. Identify the factors that push young adults towards marriage. What factors attract individuals to marriage? See Marriage - Young Adult
  26. Marital satisfaction _decreases_ after the birth of the first child.
  27. [Primary aging] refers to the normal, age-related changes that are universal. Pathological or accelerated aging is called [secondary aging].
  28. The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus is [accommodation].  Evetually all people loose the ability to focus clearly on near objects, this condition is called [presbyopia].
  29. [Morbidity] refers to the number of cases of diseases and [mortality] refers to the number of deaths.
  30. The most common cause of cancer in men is [prostate cancer].  [PSA] is a blood test used to detect this type of cancer.
  31. [Osteoporosis] is the progressive degeneration of the bone.  Preventive measures such as [weight-bearing exercise, dietary calcium and estrogen therapy] can slow the leaching of minerals from the bone.
  32. The process of a reduction in sex hormone blood levels in males and females is called [climacteric].
  33. The most common symptom of menopause is the [hot flash].   Changes in the reproductive system during the female climacteric include [see Physical Development lecture or ch. 14].
  34. A women is reaches menopause when she [stops menstruating for one year].
  35. The surgical removal of the uterus is called a [hysterectomy], and the removal of the [ovaries] is an oophrectomy.   The two hormone therapies used following these surgeries and menopause are [estrogen replacement and estrogen-progestin replacement].  Hormone therapy is associated with an increased of [breast cancer].
  36. [Atrophy of muscular fibers] leads to loss of strength and cardiovascular functioning and is part of the aging process.  These changes can be delayed through [exercise (aerobic & weight-bearing)].
  37. The overall incidence of breast cancer is higher for [white women] than for [African American women], but the mortality rate is greater for [African Americans].
  38. Sexual dysfunction increases during the fifties, identify some of the physical and psychological causes contribute to this increase.   See Physical Development lecture.    Identify the requirements for continued sexual activity into late age.  See Physical Development lecture 
  39. Systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people on the basis of old age is called [ageism.]
  40. Two theoretical perspectives used to explain biological aging are [macroscopic and microscopic theories.]  You should be able to identify theories associated with each perspective.
  41. [Hypokinesis] causes degeneration and functional loss of muscle and bone tissue.
  42. Heart attack is known as [myocardial infarction] while a [stroke] is a rupture or leak of an arteriole in the [brain].
  43. The most common type of arthritis is [osteoarthritis] while [rheumatoid arthritis] affects the whole body. The latter form is more common in [women.]
  44. The ability of other neurons to take over the functions of neurons that have been damaged or lost is called [plasticity]. Age related changes in the brain include [loss of neurons] and [increased synaptic density].
  45. Metabolic malfunctions and alcoholism may cause [acute organic brain syndrome] that involve [confusion and forgetfulness] as well periods of [lucidity]. Irreversible changes in the brain cause [chronic organic brain syndromes]; these include dementias such as [multi-infarct, Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia].
  46. The most common psychiatric complaint of the elderly is [depression]. [Caucasion males] have the highest risk of elder suicide.  Three common chronic diseases of late adulthood are [cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and arthritis].  The three leading causes of death in late adulthood are [cardiovascular disease, cancer and cerebrovascular accidents].
  47. According to Erikson, [integrity vs. despair] is the developmental task of late adulthood. The three types of aging are [biological, psychological and social aging].
  48. The two theories of successful aging is [activity theory and disengagement theory].  Neither of the two completely explains successful aging, a third perspective, [social reconstruction], argues that ageism must be reduced if successful aging is to be a normative event.   Be familiar with the characteristics of the three theories.
  49. Life long social networks are known as [social convoys].  The majority of aging adults prefer to grow old at home, this is known as [aging in place].  [Assisted living] refers to some degree of help with daily living that enables older adults to reside in own homes, apartments or retirement communities.
  50. Approximately [20-25%] of nursing home residents are depressed. Researchers have found the increasing residents' [personal control] significantly improve their happiness and satisfaction.
  51. When a person recalls past experiences and events, it is called [reminescence], while [life review] is a universal inner experience of older people to remember past experiences or unresolved conflicts that can now be reintegrated.
  52. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are examples of [degenerative diseases], while influenza and measles are examples of [communicable diseases].
  53. The [death awareness movement] has attempted to give people the opportunities to learn about death and dying.  The three types of death are [physical, psychological and social death].  Be familiar with the characteristics of each.
  54. According to Kubler-Ross, the five stages of coping with one's death are [denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance].  [Death anxiety] decreases with age and older adults discuss their death [more frequently] than youger adults.  Be familiar with the conditions and events that contribute to the decrease in death anxiety
  55. [Palliative care] is managing pain and other symptoms so that the dying person can enjoy the rest of his/her life.  [Hospice] provides a holistic approach to death by attending to the physical, emotional, spiritual and aesthetic needs of the patient and the family.  The majority of modern deaths take place in [hospitals and nursing homes].
  56. [Euthanasia] is the voluntary ending of life when illness makes it intolerable.  The [passive] form refers to not doing something to prolong life while the [active] form refers to taking deliberate steps to end life.
  57. The experience of loss of a loved one through death is called [bereavement] and has two components, [grief and mourning].  Be familiar with the characteristics and practices associated with both components.


    58.