1. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - MIDDLE AGE
   
   
1. Horn's two-factor theory
   
   
1. Crystallized intelligence
2. Fluid intelligence
3. Age related changes
   
   
2. Psychometric Assessments:  Does intelligence decline with age?
   
   
1. Cross-sectional research
2. Longitudinal research
3. Confounding Age changes with Cohort differences
   
   
3. Sequential Research
   
   
1. K.W. Schaie - Seattle Longitudinal study
2. Primary Mental Abilities
3. Age related changes
   
   
4. Interpreting Horn and Schaie research
   
   
5. Factors that influence long-term cognitive functioning (Schaie, 1994)
   
   
1. Absence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases
2. Hi SES, good family relationships, hi educational levels, complex occupational demands
3. Hi involvement in complex & intellectually stimulating activities
4. Good coping and adjustment skills
5. Spouse/partner with hi cognitive functioning
6. Hi perceptual and response speed
7. Satisfied with life accomplishments to date