First truly non-Freudian
 
 

Said we have as many personalities as we have intrpersonal relatioships ­ defined personality as

" the relatively enduring pattern of recurrent interpersonal situations which characterize a human life."

Saw himself as a psychoanalyst but was strongly Influenced by neuropsychiatrist William Alanson White & by Adolf Meyer & by social scientists.

Earlier than Erikson in proposing developmental stages.
 
 

Says we have 2 kinds of experiences: Tensions (potential energy) and Energy Transformations (actions directed at resolving tensions)

TENSIONS
 

NEEDS
 

2 kinds of needs - general & zonal

General - has to do with overall well-being

Tenderness -

Zonal - satisfy a particular area of the body - mouth- hands etc

ANXIETY
 
 
 

DYNAMISMS - ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
 

2 classes - those aimed at zonal tensions & those aimed at general

General - three categories: Disjunctive, isolating, & conjunctive

DISJUNCTIVE -
 

ISOLATING -

CONJUNCTIVE (2 of them)
 

Intimacy

Self-System

Security Operations

Dissociation

Selective attention

PERSONIFICATIONS
 

BAD-MOTHER / GOOD-MOTHER PERSONIFICATIONS
 

ME PERSONIFICATIONS
 

EIDETIC PERSONIFICATIONS
 
 
 

LEVELS (MODES) OF COGNITION

PROTOTAXIC - Infancy
 

PARATAXIC - Childhood - persists
 

SYNTAXIC -
 
 
 

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
 

INFANCY
 

first personifications - "good" & "bad" caregiver

beginning of self-system

CHILDHOOD
 

Developmental tasks

Socialized

Language as tool

Continuing development of self-system

Negative emotions learned
 

Five avenues for learning

Trial & success

Rewards & Punishments

Trial & error

Learn by anxiety

Anxiety gradient

JUVENILE ERA
 

finding playmates & questioning parents

PREADOLESCENCE
 

The "chum" era

EARLY ADOLESCENCE - the "lust" era
 

A turning point in development

Says that during this period three different types emerge

Autophilic - no preasolescet developmet - behavioras are "narcissistic"
 

Isophilic - can't get beyond preadolescence & puts lust only on ones like self i.e. same sex
 

Heterophilic - made it to stage of looking for other sex
 

Kataphilic - preference for nonhuman or dead people.
 

Lust is important dynamism at this stage. Four different uses of genitals:

Orthogenital - normal heterosexual sex

Paragenital - genitals touching but no insertion

Metagenital - manipulation of another's genitals

Amphigenital - take on role of opposite sex

LATE ADOLESCENCE - Establishing Love Relationships
 

ADULTHOOD
 

APPLICATION - His book "THE PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW"
 

4 stages to therapeutic interviewing

1. Inception -

2. Reconnaissance

3. Detailed Inquiry

Anxiety

Invoking security operations to gain foresight

4. Interruption or Termination
 

Tasks of the Therapist
 

Tasks of the Patient 

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