Objectives for Exam 3                                                                                         Dr. Sanders

Below is a compilation of the objectives for March 12 through April 25, 2002.  This material will be covered on the third exam, on April 30, 2002.

To be fully prepared for the exam, you should be able to do the following things:
 

Flow Nets

* Explain what the "water table" is in terms of hydraulic head and in terms of saturation conditions.

* Describe the meaning of the term "potentiometric surface" and tell how it differs from "water table".

* Draw flow nets showing the correct relationship between and among the following lines:
                       > equipotential lines,
                       > flow lines, and
                       > each of the three types of boundaries:
                                   ~ no-flow,
                                   ~ constant head, and
                                   ~ water table (for flow nets in cross section).

* Measure the hydraulic head in the piezometers in the NEIU ground water flow model, and use the values to construct a flow net illustrating flow through the model.

* Use a flow net to do the following:
            > tell the direction of ground water flow,
            > identify areas of high and low gradients,
            > estimate velocity of flow through an aquifer,
            > estimate discharge through an aquifer.

* Use the FlowNet software (provided with the textbook) to investigate the effects of isotropy, anisotropy, and
heterogeneity on flow nets.

* Using the FlowNet software, create a model for a flow system that someone else describes for you.

* Explain the differences and similarities between flow nets drawn in plan (map) view and flow nets drawn in cross section.

* Using a plan view flow net, draw a flow net for the same system, but in cross section.

* Using water level data plotted on a map, construct a contour map (flow net) of ground water levels and draw arrows indicating flow directions.

* On a flow net in plan (map) view, show the correct relationship of equipotential lines and flow lines to the locations of lakes, gaining streams, and losing streams.
 

Ground Water Mapping

* Using a transit, survey the elevation of a wellhead.

* Using water level indicators, measure the depth to water in a well.

* Using water level data from three wells, construct a map of ground water levels and determine the direction of ground water flow.
 

Ground Water Modeling

* Explain the difference between a conceptual model, an analytical model, and a numerical model for ground water flow.

* Construct a conceptual model (hydrostratigraphy, boundaries, and stresses) for a study area in which the geologic conditions
are known.

* Describe the purpose of using a grid in constructing a numerical model for ground water flow.

* Download and install Graphic Groundwater from the web.

* Using Graphic Groundwater and Excel, construct a grid for a study area.

* Using Graphic Groundwater, construct a ground water model that accurately represents the hydrogeologic conditions in a
study area.

* Using Graphic Groundwater, create and print out a map showing the location of the five-year recharge area for the well in
a study area.
 

Ground Water Chemistry and Contamination

* List the units of measurement commonly used to report chemical concentrations.

* List the major ions typically found in ground water, and describe their sources and typical range of concentration.

* List other constituents typically found in ground water.

* Find and print out the Federal Drinking Water Standards on the web at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html .  Consider
printing out the "Printable PDF version" at the link of the top of that page!

* Using the USEPA website at http://www.epa.gov/superfund, learn about a Superfund site.

* List the major groups of ground water contaminants and describe their nature and common sources.

* Describe the major groups of organic contaminants based on their volatility, solubility, mobility, chemical structure, and
industrial uses.

* Describe each of the mechanisms that determine how contaminants move in ground water (advection, mechanical dispersion,
diffusion, retardation, decay).

* Be able to respond appropriately to situations like the following: "Some ground water is contaminated.  You're going to install
some monitoring wells to find out how bad the situation is.  Where will you put the wells?  How deep should they be?  How
large should they be?  How long should the screened portion (intake) be?  It's your first day on the job, and the drillers are
waiting for you to tell them where to start drilling.  What will you do?"

Updated April 26, 2002.