Objectives for Exam 2
Dr. Sanders
Below is a compilation of the objectives for January 31 through March 5, 2002. This material will be covered on the second exam, on March 7, 2002.
To be fully prepared for the exam, you should be able to do the following things:
* List and describe the characteristics of drainage basins and runoff
events that control hydrograph shape, noting the effect of
each characteristic on the shape of the hydrograph.
* Sketch a rating curve and explain the relationship it describes.
* Write a formula that gives the meaning of porosity of a porous material.
Do the same for effective porosity, specific yield,
and specific retention.
* Give the typical range of values of porosity, specific yield, and
specific retention of different types of porous materials, using
the correct units of measurement.
* Describe the relationships between and among the following properties of porous materials:
> porosity and effective porosity;
> specific retention and specific yield;
> specific yield and effective porosity; and
> specific yield, specific retention, and porosity.
* Describe what is meant by the hydraulic conductivity and the permeability
of a porous material, and explain the
difference between the two.
* Give typical ranges of the value of hydraulic conductivity and permeability
of different types of porous materials, using the
correct units of measurement.
* List the kinds of rocks and sediments that are generally considered aquifers.
* List the kinds of rocks and sediments that are generally considered aquitards.
* Sketch a cross section illustrating the generalized hydrostratigraphy of northeastern Illinois.
* Sketch the Darcy tube apparatus, describe how it works, and write
the steps in an experiment of your own design that uses
the Darcy tube.
* Design and conduct an experiment using the Darcy tube apparatus to
investigate the factors that influence the flow of water
through a porous medium.
* Record appropriate measurements during the experiment, analyze the data, and draw reasonable conclusions.
* Explain the results of the Darcy tube experiment by relating discharge
of water through the tube, hydraulic conductivity of the
sand, hydraulic gradient, and cross sectional area of the tube.
* Locate the study area for the final project on a topographic map in
terms of latitude and longitude, and the Public Land
Survey system (township, range, section).
* Use geologic maps and reports to learn about the geology of an area.
* Use latitude and longitude to plot the position of a point on a topographic map.
* Construct a hydrostratigraphic cross section based on geologic boring data.
* Be able to distinguish between limestone and dolostone in hand sample.
* Use Darcy's Law to solve for any of its variables.
* Explain the meaning of the term "hydraulic head", list the components
that make up hydraulic head, and explain the differences
between those components.
* Given the hydraulic head at two points in a flow system, tell what direction water would flow between the two points.
* Describe what a piezometer is, how it is constructed, and how it is used.
* Explain what the "water table" is in terms of saturation conditions.
* Explain what the "water table" is in terms of saturation conditions as well as in terms of hydraulic head.
* Explain what a potentiometric surface is, and tell what the difference
is between the water table and the potentiometric
surface.
* Sketch a flow net for a simple flow system.
* Draw a quantitatively accurate flow net showing
> the correct relationship
between equipotential lines and flow lines,
> the correct relationship
between those lines and constant head boundaries,
> the correct relationship
between those lines and no-flow boundaries, and
> the correct relationship
between those lines and a water table boundary.
* Use a flow net to tell the direction of ground water flow and identify areas of high and low gradients.
* Use a flow net to estimate velocity of flow and discharge through an aquifer.
Updated March 5, 2002.