Department
of Earth Science |
Northeastern
Illinois University
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE
ESCI 121
Section 05
Spring 2009
Department
of Earth Science |Northeastern
Illinois University
| Example 1 | Example 4 (scroll down to photos of the granite obelisk) | |
| Example 2 (Source: "Repair My Foundation") | Example 5 | |
| Example 3 (Note the green color on the statue. This is at Bohemian National Cemetery; NEIU is in the background!) | Example 6 | |
| Example 7 (Important: this area is in a warm desert--no freezing, little rain. Yet there is debate about what caused the weathering!) |
w
List the agents of erosion, and give examples of areas in the world that are
likely to experience erosion.
w
List 4-5 media in which sediment
may be transported.
w
List areas in the world that are likely to serve as environments of
deposition.
w
Using a sedimentary rock key, examine, describe, classify, and name the
sedimentary rocks in your rock kit. Please note: on whatever key you use, you
may ignore the following rocks: breccia, siltstone, and travertine. Also, some
keys use the word "mud"; if yours does, please substitute the word "clay".
Samples used in class are the following: #103, 104, 109, 113, 118, 128, 129,
135, 145, 151, 153, 158.
Igneous Rocks
w
Explain how igneous rocks form, and tell in what part
of the Earth they form.
w
Explain how we can classify igneous rocks on the basis of
crystal size/cooling rate, and list the three main categories within that
classification scheme.
w
Explain how we can classify igneous rocks on the basis of
mineralogic composition, and list the three main categories within that
classification scheme.
w
Examine hand samples of igneous rocks and tell whether they
are intrusive or extrusive.
w
Describe the characteristics of granite and
basalt, and identify these rocks in hand sample.
w
Explain how we can classify igneous rocks on the basis of
mineralogic composition, and list the three main categories within that
classification scheme.
w
Using the terms mafic and felsic,
describe the composition of the oceanic crust, continental crust, oceanic
lithosphere, and continental lithosphere.
w
Examine hand samples of igneous rocks and tell whether they
are plutonic or volcanic.
w
Examine hand samples of igneous rocks and tell whether they
are mafic, intermediate, or felsic.
w
Examine hand samples of igneous rocks and assess the rate at
which they cooled: slow, fast, or virtually instantly.
w
Based on cooling rate and crystal size, tell whether an
igneous rock probably cooled above ground, or below.
Metamorphic Rocks
w
Explain how metamorphic rocks form, and tell in what part of
the Earth they form.
w
Explain the difference between regional and contact
metamorphism.
w
Describe the two general changes that affect rocks during
metamorphism: recrystallization and foliation.
w
Explain the term protolith.
w
Explain the term color-banding and tell what
rock exhibits this feature.
w
Given protoliths of clay, granite, limestone, and sandstone,
describe the rocks that result after metamorphism.
w
Using hand samples of metamorphic rocks, tell which are
foliated and which are non-foliated.
w
Describe the characteristics of the following rocks, and
identify them in hand sample:
schist
marble phyllite
quartzite gneiss
w
Examine, describe, classify, and name the
metamorphic rocks in your rock kit. (In class we looked at #101, 107, 109, 115, 116, 131, 140, 147.)
Global Geotectonics, Revisited
w Describe the different kinds of
geotectonic plate boundaries; for each one, do the
following: draw a diagram illustrating it, describe the geologic features often
found near it, and give a real-life example of it.
Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Revisited
w Using hand
samples of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, describe their important
characteristics, explain how they were formed, tell in what geologic setting
they were likely formed, classify them, and give their names.
| Draw a diagram of this kind of
boundary. � Label it to tell what type it is. � Show the direction of movement. � Show and label the associated geologic features. � Give a real-world example. |
| Convergence of two oceanic plates |
| Transform |
| Convergence of two continental plates |
| Divergent |
| Convergence of an oceanic and a continental plate |
The Rock Cycle
w Map out the concepts,
processes, and products involved in the rock cycle.
w For
each part of the rock cycle, tell where on Earth that part of the cycle commonly
takes place, tell how it relates to geotectonic setting, and give examples of
where each part of the cycle is taking place today.
Finding Earthquake
Information Using the USGS Site
w
Use the USGS earthquake information website to
create a map of earthquake foci for a rectangle of given latitude and longitude
coordinates.
Homework #6
w
Perform the steps necessary to complete
Homework Assignment #6.
VOLCANOES
w List the
geotectonic settings in which volcanoes occur (subduction zones, divergent
zones, hotspots).
w
Tell why volcanoes occur at
each of these settings.
w Tell what
makes rock melt in the crust and mantle settings where volcanoes occur.
Describe the process in terms of changing temperature and pressure, introduction
of "impurities" (water and sediments) into the melt, and draw a graph
illustrating these varying conditions.
w View and
discuss the Raging Planet film, "Volcano!" in light of what you have learned
about volcano shape, eruptive style, and materials erupted.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
w Describe the longitude and latitude coordinate
system for locating points on Earth's surface.
w
Find the approximate latitude and longitude of
a general area using a world map.
