Department
of Earth Science |
Northeastern
Illinois University
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE
ESCI 121
Section 05
Fall 2008
Department
of Earth Science |Northeastern
Illinois University
w
List the geotectonic
settings in which volcanoes occur (subduction zones, divergent zones, hotspots).
w
Tell why
volcanoes occur at each of these settings.
w Describe the
differences in volcanoes based on these characteristics:
-- the materials erupted (lava, pyroclastics,
ash, gas)
-- volcano shape (stratovolcano, shield, "cinder cone", "dome"),
and
-- eruptive style (sudden/explosive vs. frequent/calm).
w
Explain how viscosity of
magma influences volcano shape/profile, and what determines the magma viscosity.
w
Explain how each of the
above characteristics is influenced by the geotectonic setting of the volcano.
EARTHQUAKES
w
Using the earthquake focus
maps each student produced as part of Homework #8, find and explain patterns
with respect to 1) depth and 2) distribution.
The handout we used in class appears here.
w Explain how
earthquakes are measured.
w Describe the
difference between P-waves and S-waves, and explain what the S-P time difference
indicates.
w
Use seismograms to find
the epicenter of an earthquake using the Indian Ocean tsunami as an example.
(Extra copies of
the map and
seismograms
are linked to this page. This exercise is adapted from
an exercise �2004 by Dave Robison
and Steve Kluge.)
w
Explain what a tsunami is
and how it forms.
w
After viewing some of the
videos and animations of
the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, research seismograms from the
event and draw conclusions regarding epicenter and tsunami warning systems (an
in-class worksheet will be provided).
w
Complete the Indian Ocean
tsunami exercise from last time.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
w
Using the green globs of
homemade "playdough", create models of different landforms. For each one,
draw a topographic map that represents the landform:
* hill * ridge (elongate hill)
* kidney-shaped ridge * volcano * hill
with one steep slope and one gradual slope
w
Define: topographic
contour line, contour interval.
w
Describe and sketch the
relationship of contour lines to streams, and use a topographic map to determine
what direction a stream flows based on contour shape.
w Sketch the
hachures designating a contour that indicates a closed depression
or basin.
