REVIEW FOR EXAMS

COMPUTER CARTOGRAPHY
Chapters specified in syllabus
Review chapters, lecture notes, handouts

Windows basics
File manager
copying files
deleting files
moving files
creating subdirectories
finding lost files
FTP, Netscape, email

Basic fuctions and uses
File formats possible on internet
Advantages of .jpg vs .gif vs .bmp

Projections
Base maps and attribute data
Point symbols
Line symbols
Area  symbols
Text
Legend parts (scale, arrow, date, source, etc)
Use of these for quantitative and qualitative information
Date / directional arrow / key / publisher / etc. in legend.
Data Types
    Quantitative
    Qualitative
    Derived
    Aggregate
    Continuous
    Discrete
    Ordinal
    Interval
    Ratio

Advantages/disadvantages
Defining ranges --methods and implications
Displaying range intervals and labels
Progression of colors, or greyscale
Use of hues for qualitative differences
Use of black/white/greyscale
Bipolar arrays
Title content
Derived vs. Aggregate data -- which? why?

Use of color in maps
Conventions
Aspects of color -- when to use in which types of legends
Chroma
Value
Hue
Combinations of colors -- figure/ground
CMYK and RGB color models
Color Palettes and bit size (4-bit, 8-bit, 24-bit...)
Colorblindness
Dithering and Palette shift

Serif and sans serif
Conventions
Capitalization Styles
Placement on points, lines, areas and curves
Selection of font
Italix
Size
Use of edge on font
Artistic vs. paragraph font

all the tools
custom palettes
4- 8- and 24-bit graphics, grayscale
"Repairing" a .jpg outline map
Resolution and file size
use of .TIFF or .bmp to save work

Text options (fill and edge, font, type, size)
Moving, deleting, rotating, aligning, Front to Back.
Making a shadow
Importing vs. opening files -- use of raster images
Making pts, symbols, lines, line types, areas
Closing open areas with one and multiple sections
Powerclipping
Locking object

Corel Photopaint --functions including

Effects
Resampling
Stitch

Figure / Ground
Placement of map elements
Aesthetics Balance / optical vs. geometric center
Internal order
Texture, value, and color contrast
Line weights and colorsVisual hierarchy
Perceptual grouping (by shape, size, proximity, orientation)
Perceived closure
Reduce chroma to drop element to lower visual level
Land / water techniques for differentiation

When to select this method
What type of data to use (aggregate or derived)
circles, squares, spheres, icons
absolute vs. apparent scaling
range grading
proportions (pie wedges)
good legends

Mapping Point Phenomenon -- the Dot Map

Scattered Dots
Size of polygon
Dot value and size
Positioning dots within polygon
Accuracy in interpretation
Dot Map (accurate placement)
Geocoding by address matching

Isarithmic Mapping

Isolines, and labeling isolines
Intervals for isolines
Type of data used in isarithmic map
Isometric vs. Isoplethic
Triangulation (linear interpolation)
When to use isarithmic mapping
Smoothed vs. Exacting methods
Interpolation to grid intersections

Geographical levels / nested areas
Tracts vs Block Groups -- sampling error
STF1 (full count) vs. STF3 (sample) data -- differences in accuracy
Mapping census data with Ddviewer
Range breaks

• Preview
• Scan
• Resolution
• Dithering
• Formats and conversion
• Use of raster image for tracing

GIS mapping

• Choropethic
• Scattered Dots
• Pie themes

for each of these, the conceptual process more than the technical steps
 

• Line types
  • 
    Rivers
    Railroad
  • Highways
    Line Conventions
    Symbols
    Intersections
  • Insets