Department
of Earth Science |
Northeastern
Illinois University
INTRODUCTION
TO EARTH SCIENCE
ESCI
121
Spring
2007
Review for Exam
#3 (April
4, 2007)
Dr. Sanders
After the first draft was
published, a few more items were added in the topographic maps section.
On the exam,
you should be able to do the
following:
Earthquakes,
Tsunamis, and Plate Tectonics
* Define earthquake.
* Tell how earthquakes are measured using seismographs.
* Sketch
a diagram
illustrating the meaning of the terms epicenter and focus
(also called hypocenter) as they apply to
earthquakes.
* Describe P-waves
and S-waves:
their motion, velocity, arrival times,
and ability to travel through liquids.
* Explain why P- and S-waves reach seismometers at different times, and
tell how the time difference helps us learn how far away an earthquake
occurred.
* Tell why it is necessary to have seismograms for an earthquake from
at least three different locations before we can locate an earthquake
epicenter.
* Examining seismograms from three monitoring stations, for each
monitoring station, calculate
the P-S time
difference, find the distance of the epicenter from the
station, and plot the distances on a map to locate the epicenter.
* Using the information from the seismographs and maps, plot the
position of a tsunami wave at various times as it moves outward from
the epicenter.
* Using earthquake focus maps such as those produced by students in
Homework #4,
analyze the patterns of earthquake epicenters that occur in various
locations.
* In
terms of depth of
focus and pattern
of distribution
of earthquakes, describe what would be expected in the following
environments: divergent boundaries, transform boundaries, convergent
boundaries with subduction, convergent boundaries with no subduction,
hot spots.
* Examine an earthquake focus map and form a reasonable hypothesis as
to the plate tectonic environment.
Campus
Field Trip
*
Visiting several sites on the NEIU campus, describe the use of geologic
materials in architecture and landscaping.
Topographic
Maps
*
Maps:
List the common elements that should appear on any map,
and explain how to use and/or interpret them.
scale
north arrow
coordinate system
key/legend
title
* Explain how to use Earth's grid system (latitude and longitude),
including knowing the difference between north (+) and south (-)
latitude, east (+) and west (-) longitude, use of degrees, minutes, and
seconds, where zero latitude and zero longitude are, and what the
highest latitudes and longitudes are. (See p. 684-5 in your
textbook.)
*
Cogently explain
the meaning and importance of the following:
topographic map
contour interval contour
line
* Using a topographic map, locate higher and lower elevations.
* Interpret the spacing of contour lines and tell how it relates to
steepness of a slope.
* Interpret major features such as bodies of water, urban
areas,
buildings, roadways, and so on.
* Construct a "playdough" model of a landform, and then draw a map to
illustrate the landform.
* Using a map someone else has drawn, create a landform that fits what
the map illustrates.
*
Use contours to determine which direction a stream is flowing, even if the contours
are not labeled.
* Use latitude and longitude to locate a point on a topographic map;
starting with a point on a map, determine the latitude and longitude.
*
Complette a worksheet that asks you to examine several different
topographic maps and interpret different features on them.
© 2007 Laura L. Sanders. Last updated April
3, 2007.