Department
of Earth Science |
Northeastern
Illinois University
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE
ESCI 121
Fall 2006
Review
Sheet for Exam #2 (October 12, 2006)
Dr. Sanders
For the exam, you should be able to do the
following:
* Explain what a mineral
is, listing the characteristics that all minerals share.
* Explain how a mineral is different from a rock.
* Explain how to evaluate the mineral properties listed
below for a
given mineral sample.
q hardness
q luster
q streak
q specific gravity (similar to
density)
q cleavage
q color
q solubility
q odor
* Using a mineral identification key, determine the name of a
given
mineral sample based on its properties. (For fun, visit the online
mineral identification key provided by the Mineralogical Society of
America!)
Sedimentary Rocks
and Minerals
* Examine and describe the properties of the common minerals that
occur in sedimentary rocks. (Examples used in class: sample
numbers 7, 8, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 30, 33, 34, 35, and 44.)
* Explain what samples 7, 17, 19, and 20 have in common.
* Explain what samples 18, 21, 30, and 35 have in common.
* Explain what samples 8, 14, 33, 34, and 44 have in common.
* List and describe the
two main categories of weathering (chemical weathering
and mechanical
weathering), and
give a few examples of each type.
* Distinguish between chemical sediments and detrital sediments,
describing characteristics of each category and telling how they form.
* Explain the difference between gravel, sand, and clay
sediments.
* Explain the steps in forming deposits of sediments,
including weathering,
erosion, transport, and deposition.
* Explain the steps in forming sedimentary rocks
from sediments,
correctly using the term lithification.
* Examine hand samples of sedimentary rocks, describe their
textural features.
* Using the sedimentary rock key in your textbook on p. 63,
identify hand samples of sedimentary rocks and explain how you arrived
at each name.
Igneous Rocks and
Minerals
* Sort and classify
samples of igneous rocks.
* Use simple laboratory tools (dissecting needle, copper
penny, hand lens, scratch plate, streak plate) to investigate the
properties of common igneous rock-forming minerals.
* Use a mineral identification key to identify hand samples of
common igneous rock-forming minerals. (Examples used in class:
sample numbers 3, 4, 5, 9, 24, 30, 31, and 45.)
* Explain the relationship between cooling rate and crystal size.
* Define and describe what is meant by the terms plutonic
and volcanic
as they apply to igneous rocks.
* Define and describe what is meant by the terms intrusive
and extrusive
as they apply to igneous rocks.
* Define and describe what is meant by mafic and felsic
mineralogic compositions of igneous rocks.
* Use a rock key to identify hand samples of
igneous rocks. (Examples used in class: 102, 117, 124, 130, 136,
137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 149, 152, and 157.)
© 2006 Laura L. Sanders. Last updated October 10, 2006.