Instructor: Dr. Karen S. Bartels       Office: S-142
Telephone: 773/794-6564          Fax: 773/794-6689
E-Mail: K-Bartels@neiu.edu        Webpage: www.neiu.edu/~deptesci/bartels.htm
                              Office Hours: Tuesday  7:00-8:30 p.m., Wednesday 1:30-5:00 p.m.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Volcanism, Hans-Ulrich Schmincke (Springer Verlag, 2004).

SUPPLEMENTAL TEXTS (On Reserve): Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective, Peter Francis (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993)
Volatiles in Magmas, M.R. Carroll and J.R. Holloway, editors (Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1994).
Volcanoes: Crucibles of Change, Richard V. Fisher, Grant Heiken, and Jeffrey B. Hulen (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1997).

Course Description
Course Outline
Evaluation
Websites
Additional Readings

Course Description:

In this course, we will examine the physical and chemical mechanisms responsible for volcanologic phenomena on earth and other geologically active planets in our solar system.   Upon completion of this course, you should be able to 1) understand the root causes of volcanic activity, especially within the framework of plate tectonic theory, 2) predict physical properties of magmas given chemical composition and vice versa, 3) estimate physical and chemical properties of lavas based on lava flow morphology and vice versa, 4) calculate the solubility of water in magma under varying physical conditions and understand the connection between volatile content of magma and pyroclastic eruptions, 5) assess the type and magnitude of volcanic hazards for population centers near volcanoes, and 6) analyze the effect of past eruptions on climate change. 

Course Outline

Week 1   (Jan. 10)    Introduction; Volcanism and Plate tectonics
Week 2   (Jan. 17)    Magma
Week 3   (Jan. 24)    Rheology
Week 4   (Jan. 31)    Magmatic Gases and Triggering of Eruptions
Week 5   (Feb. 7)     Volcanic Edifices and Deposits
Week 6   (Feb. 14)   Eruption types
Week 7   (Feb. 21)   Pyroclastic flows
Week 8   (Feb. 28)   Magma/water interactions - Midterm Due March 4
Week 9   (Mar. 7)    Subduction Zones
Week 10 (Mar. 14)  Mid-ocean ridges (New Zealand Trip)
Week 11 (Mar. 28)  Seamounts and volcanic islands
Week 12 (Apr. 4)    Continental intraplate volcanism
Week 13 (Apr. 11)  Hazards and disaster mitigation
Week 14 (Apr. 18)  Volcanoes and climate
Week 15 (Apr. 25)  Catch-up, review
Final   May 4 6:00-8:00 p.m.

Evaluation

Your grade for this course will be evaluated based on two exams, five problem sets, and a term paper.

            Points
Exam I       100        All course requirements must be completed
Final Exam   100        to pass the course.  The grading scale (in %)
Term Paper   200        is as follows: A 100-90, B 89-80, C 79-70,
Problem Sets 100        D 69-60, F 59 and lower.
  Total:     500

Make-up exams will be given only in case of emergencies.  Dr. Bartels must be notified by exam time. Phone (773) 794-6564. Incompletes will be given only in accordance with University policies as published in the catalog.

Selected Websites of Interest

The Global Volcanism Program (GVP), http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/.
U.S. Geological Survey: Cascades Volcano Observatory, http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html.

Additional Readings

Suggestions for further reading:

Beget, Mason, and Anderson, 1992, Age, extent and climatic significance of the c. 3400 BP Aniakchak tephra, western Alaska, USA, The Holocene, 2: 51-56

Beget, Stihler and Stone, 1994, A 500-year-long record of tephra falls from Redoubt Volcano and other volcanoes in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, JVGR, 62: 55-67

Berger and Davis, 1992, Dating volcanic ash by thermoluminescence: test and application, Quat. Intl, 13/14: 127-130

Bryson and Goodman, 1980, Volcanic activity and climatic changes, Science, 207: 1041-1044

Carey, 1991, Transport and deposition of tephra by pyroclastic flows and surges, in SEPM Spec. Pub. 45, 39-57

Carey and Sparks, 1986, Quantitative models of the fallout and dispersal of tephra from volcanic eruption columns, Bull. Volcanol. 48: 109-125

Froggatt, 1992, Standardization of the chemical analysis of tephra deposits, report of the ICCT working group, Quat. Intl., 13/14: 93-96

Glicken, 1991, Sedimentary architecture of large volcanic-debris avalanches, in SEPM Special Pub 45, p 99-106

Heiken, 1994, Volcanic ash: what it is and how it forms, USGS Bull 2047, 39-45

Heiken and Wohletz, 1991, Fragmentation processes in explosive volcanic eruptions, in SEPM Spec. Publ. 45, 19-26

Hein and Scholl, 19778, Diagenesis and distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic sediment in the southern Bering Sea, GSAB, 89:197-210

Hirschboeck, 1979/80, A new worldwide chronology of volcanic eruptions, Palaeogeo, Palaeoclim, Palaeoecol, 29: 223-241

Huff, Bergstrom and Kolata, 1992, Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe, Geology, 20: 875-878

Palmer, B., Alloway and Neall, Volcanic-debris-avalanche deposits in New Zealand-- Lithofacies organization in unconfined, wet-avalanche flows, in SEPM Special Pub 45, p 89-98

Ping, Shoji and Ito, Properties and classification of three volcanic ash-derived pedons from Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, Alaska, Soil Sci, Soc. Am. J. 52:455-462

Preece, Westgate and Gorton, 1992, Compositional variation and provenance of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds, Fairbanks area, Alaska, Quat Intl, 13/14:97-101

Rampino, 1991, Volcanism, climatic change, and the geologic record, in SEPM Spec. Publ. 45, 9-18

Rampino, Self and Fairbridge, 1979, Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions?, Science, 206: 826-829

Reinink-Smith, 1990, Relative frequency of Neogene volcanic events as recorded in coal partings from the Kenai lowland, Alaska; GSAB, 102:830-840

Sandhu, Westgate and Stemper, 1992, Isothermal plateau correction for partial fading of fission tracks in hydrated glass shards, Quat. Intl, 13/14: 121-125

Self and Walker, 1994, Ash clouds: characteristics of eruption columns, USGS Bull 2047, 65-74

Siebe, C. , Abrams and Macias, Derrumbes gigantes, depositos de avalancha de escombros y edad del actual cono del volcano Popocatepetl, in Volcan Popocatepetl: estudios relizados durante la crisis de 1994-95, Comite Cientifico Asesor CENAPRED-UANM, 1995, p 195-220

Siebert, Glicken and Ui, 1987, Volcanic hazards from Bexymianny- and Bandai-type eruptions, Bull. Volcanol. 49: 435-459

Sigurdsson, 1990, Assessment of the atmospheric impact of volcanic eruptions, in GSA Spec. Paper 247, 99-110

Smith and Westgate, 1969, Electron probe technique for characterizing pyroclastic deposits, EPSL, 5: 313-319

Smith, Okazaki and Knowles, 1977, Electron microprobe analysis of glass shards from tephra assigned to Set W, Mount St. Helens, Washington, Quat. Res. 7: 207-217

Spears and Kanaris-sotiriou, 1979, A geochemical and mineralogical investigation of some British and other European tonsteins, Sedimentology, 26:407-425.

Summa and Verosub, 1992, Trace element mobility during early diagenesis of volcanic ash: applications to stratigraphic correlation, Quat. Intl, 13/14: 149-157

Westgate and Fulton, 1975, Tephrostratigraphy of Olympia interglacial sediments in south-central British Columbia, Canada, Can. J. Earth Sci., 12: 489-502

Wohletz and Sheridan, 1991, Erupt: A graphical simulation of volcanic eruptions for the personal computer; Los Alamos NL publication LA-UR-91-3205, 27 pp

Woods and Kienle, 1994, The injection of volcanic ash into the atmosphere, USGS Bull 2047, 101-105

Zielinski et al., 1994, Record of volcanism since 7000 BC from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for the volcano-climate system, Science, 264: 948-952 and exchange in Science, 267: 256-258 (1995)