You should be able to:

· explain the “Big Bang Theory” and the “Nebular Hypothesis;”
· list the approximate age of the universe and the approximate age of the earth;
· calculate density (if you are given information on mass and volume of an object);
· know which rock is most representative of continental crust, and which rock is most representative of oceanic crust, and know which one is more dense;
· explain what distinguishes the crust from the mantle and the core, and what distinguishes the lithosphere from the asthenosphere;
· explain what lithosphere is;
· describe the 3 types of plate boundaries;
· describe the 3 types of faults and the type of stress that creates them;
· calculate rates of plate motion (if you are given ages of and distances between volcanoes produced by hot spots);
· determine directions of plate motion by the pattern of volcanoes produced by hot spots;
· explain what convection is;
· give the definition of a mineral;
· explain how covalent and ionic bonds form;
· use the periodic table to predict what kind of ion an element would form;
· explain how the hardness of a mineral is related to the type of chemical bond.